Publication Ethics

Universal Business and Management Review (UBMAR) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and takes all possible measures against publication malpractice. This statement is based on internationally recognized standards of ethical publishing and aligns with the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

All parties involved in the publication process—authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher—are expected to adhere to the following ethical responsibilities.

Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

Originality and Plagiarism

Authors must ensure that their work is original and has not been published previously or submitted simultaneously to another journal. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. All manuscripts are subject to similarity screening prior to peer review.

Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication

Authors should not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently. Submitting identical or substantially similar work to multiple journals constitutes unethical publishing behavior.

Authorship Criteria

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the study. All co-authors must approve the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission.

Data Integrity and Transparency

Authors must present accurate data and provide sufficient methodological detail to allow replication of the research. Fabrication, falsification, or selective reporting of data constitutes unethical behavior.

Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that may influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript.

Ethical Research Involving Human Participants

Research involving human participants must comply with relevant institutional and national ethical standards. Where applicable, authors must confirm that informed consent was obtained.

Ethical Responsibilities of Editors

Editorial Independence

Editors are responsible for making publication decisions based solely on academic merit, originality, clarity, and relevance to the journal’s scope. Decisions are not influenced by commercial or institutional interests.

Confidentiality

Editors must ensure that all submitted manuscripts are treated as confidential documents and must not disclose information to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, and the publisher as appropriate.

Fairness and Objectivity

Editors evaluate manuscripts without regard to authors’ race, gender, institutional affiliation, nationality, or political beliefs.

Handling of Misconduct

Editors will take appropriate action when ethical concerns arise regarding submitted or published manuscripts, including corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern when necessary.

Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers

Contribution to Editorial Decisions

Peer reviewers assist editors in making editorial decisions and help authors improve the quality of their manuscripts through constructive feedback.

Confidentiality

Reviewers must treat manuscripts as confidential documents and must not share or use unpublished information for personal advantage.

Objectivity and Constructiveness

Reviews should be conducted objectively, with clear arguments and supporting evidence. Personal criticism of authors is inappropriate.

Conflict of Interest

Reviewers must decline to review manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest arising from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships.

Publisher’s Responsibilities

The Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Wahid Hasyim (UNWAHAS), as the publisher of UBMAR, ensures that editorial decisions remain independent and free from commercial influence. The publisher supports the editorial team in maintaining ethical standards and managing cases of publication misconduct in accordance with established guidelines.

UBMAR takes ethical violations seriously and reserves the right to reject, retract, or correct articles when necessary to preserve academic integrity.