Screening of Plagiarism

Universal Business and Management Review (UBMAR) is committed to maintaining academic integrity and ensuring the originality of all published works.

All submitted manuscripts undergo similarity screening prior to the peer review process. The journal uses reliable plagiarism detection software to identify potential instances of plagiarism, duplicate publication, improper citation, and text recycling.

Manuscripts with a high similarity index or evidence of academic misconduct may be:

• Returned to the authors for clarification or revision, or

• Rejected immediately if significant plagiarism or unethical practices are identified.

The similarity assessment does not rely solely on numerical percentage thresholds. Editorial evaluation also considers the context of the similarity, including properly cited quotations, methodological descriptions, and standard technical terminology.

UBMAR adheres to international ethical publishing standards in handling suspected cases of plagiarism. If plagiarism is discovered after publication, the journal reserves the right to take appropriate action, including issuing corrections or retractions.